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百度 中国两家主流视频公司的会员数均在2018年开年出现了巨大增幅，超越了全球最大视频网站Netflix近期公布的美国本土会员数。
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to film:
Film refers to motion pictures as individual projects and to the field in general. The name came from the fact that photographic film (also called filmstock) has historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures.
What type of thing is film?
[edit]Film can be described as all of the following:
- Art – aesthetic expression for presentation or performance, and the work produced from this activity.
- One of the arts – as an art form, film is an outlet of human expression, that is usually influenced by culture and which in turn helps to change culture. Film is a physical manifestation of the internal human creative impulse.
- One of the visual arts – visual arts is a class of art forms, including painting, sculpture, photography, printmaking and others, that focus on the creation of works which are primarily visual in nature.
- One of the performing arts – art forms in which artists use their body, voice, or objects to convey artistic expression. Performing arts include a variety of disciplines but all take the form of a performance in front of an audience.
- Fine art – in Western European academic traditions, fine art is art developed primarily for aesthetics, distinguishing it from applied art that also has to serve some practical function. The word "fine" here does not so much denote the quality of the artwork in question, but the purity of the discipline according to traditional Western European canons.
- One of the arts – as an art form, film is an outlet of human expression, that is usually influenced by culture and which in turn helps to change culture. Film is a physical manifestation of the internal human creative impulse.
- Show business – a means of providing employment for actors, screenwriters, artisans and technicians, regardless of whether the finished film was produced as a for-profit enterprise or as a not-for-profit public service.
Other names for film
[edit]- Movie
- Motion picture
- Talking picture
- Picture
- Celluloid
- Flick (or flicker)
- Photoplay
- Picture show
- The cinema
- The silver screen (talkie era); the silver sheet (silent era)
- Videos
Essence of film
[edit]- Filmmaking – process of making a film. Filmmaking involves a number of discrete stages including an initial story, idea, or commission, through scriptwriting, casting, shooting, editing, and screening the finished product before an audience that may result in a film release and exhibition. Filmmaking is both an art and an industry. That is why they call it "show business". It's a show and a business. Films were originally recorded onto nitrate film stock which was highly flammable.[1] After the late 1950s, polyester film was used which was shown through a movie projector onto a large screen (in other words, an analog recording process). The adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the entire process of production, distribution, and exhibition from start to finish.
Cinematic genres
[edit]By setting
[edit]- Biography - portrays a real-life character in his or her real-life story
- Crime - places its character within realm of criminal activity
- Fantasy - films set in imaginary worlds, often with a swords and sorcery theme
- Film noir - portrays its principal characters in a nihilistic and existentialist realm or manner
- Historical - taking place in the past
- Science fiction - placement of characters in an alternative reality, typically in the future or in outer space
- Sports - sporting events and locations pertaining to a given sport
- War - battlefields and locations pertaining to a time of war
- Westerns - colonial period to modern era of the western United States
By mood
[edit]- Action - generally involves a moral interplay between "good" and "bad" played out through violence or physical force
- Adventure - involving danger, risk, and/or chance, often with a high degree of fantasy
- Comedy - intended to provoke laughter
- Drama - mainly focuses on character development
- Erotic - sexuality or eroticism and sex acts, including love scenes
- Horror - intended to provoke fear in audience
- Mystery - the progression from the unknown to the known by discovering and solving a series of clues
- Pornographic - includes sexually explicit content subject matter in order to arouse, fascinate, or satisfy the viewer
- Romance - dwelling on the elements of romantic love
- Thrillers - intended to provoke excitement and/or nervous tension into audience
By format
[edit]- Biographical - a biopic is a film that dramatizes the life of an actual person, with varying degrees of basis in fact
- Documentary - a factual following of an event or person to gain an understanding of a particular point or issue
- Experimental (avant-garde) - created to test audience reaction or to expand the boundaries of film production/story exposition then generally at play
- Musical - a film interspersed with singing by all or some of the characters
- Silent - a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially with no spoken dialogue
By production type
[edit]- Live action - film using actors
- Animation - illusion of motion by consecutive display of static images which have been created by hand or on a computer
- Television - a film that is produced for and originally distributed by a television network
By length
[edit]- Short - may strive to contain many of the elements of a "full-length" feature, in a shorter time-frame
- Serial - similar to shorts, but forms a constant story arc
- Feature film - film that is "full-length"
By age
[edit]- Children's film - films for young children; as opposed to a family film, no special effort is made to make the film attractive for other audiences
- Family - intended to be attractive for people of all ages and suitable for viewing by a young audience; examples of these are Disney films
- Teen film - intended for and aimed towards teens although some teen films, such as the High School Musical series; may also be a family film; not all of these films are suitable for all teens, as some are rated R
- Adult film - intended to be viewed only by an adult audience, content may include violence, disturbing themes, obscene language, or explicit sexual behaviour. This includes various forms of exploitation films. Adult film may also be used as a synonym for pornographic film.
By audience reception
[edit]- Cult film – Films with a devoted fanbase
- Midnight movie – Late-night-programmed genre picture or offbeat film
- Sleeper hit – Entertainment product that becomes successful gradually with little promotion
- Underground film – Genre of film outside the mainstream
Other genres
[edit]- Action comedy – Film and TV genre
- Action film – Film genre
- Actuality film – Film genre using footage of real events
- Adventure film – Film genre
- Amateur film – Genre of low-budget film by non-professionals
- American eccentric cinema – Mode of American filmmaking
- Animated documentary – Genre of film that combines animation and documentary
- Anthology film – Feature film consisting of several different short films
- Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction – Genre of fiction
- Art film – Film genre
- Art horror – Film genre
- Arthouse animation – Combination of art film and animated film
- Arthouse science fiction film – Genre of film
- Australian Western – Sub-genre
- B movie – Low-budget commercial film genre
- Backstage musical – Genre of musical theatre
- Badaga cinema – Badaga-language film industry
- Beach party film – Film genre
- Behind-the-scenes – Documentary film that features the production of a film or television program
- Bildungsroman – Coming of age literary genre
- Biographical film – Film genre
- Black comedy – Comedic work based on taboo subject matter
- Black film – Film largely featuring or representing black people
- Blaxploitation – Film genre
- Body horror – Subgenre of horror fiction
- Bomba (genre) – 1960s Filipino film genre
- Bourekas film – Genre of Israeli comic melodrama
- Bromantic comedy – Comedy film genre
- Buddy cop – Film and television genre
- Buddy film – Film genre in which two people of the same sex are non-romantically paired
- Cannibal film – Film genre
- Cartoon – Type of two-dimensional visual art
- Cartoon pornography – Animated characters in sexual situations
- Chicano cinema – Filmmaking style
- List of Chicano films
- Chick flick – Slang term for romantic film genre catering to young women
- Children's film – Film genre
- Chopsocky – Term for martial arts films
- Christian film industry – Aspect of Christian media
- Christmas horror – Genre of fiction and film
- Cinema da Boca do Lixo – Film Genre
- Cinéma vérité – Style of documentary filmmaking
- Cinepoetry
- Colonial cinema – Cinema produced by the colonizing nation in and about their colonies
- Comédia à portuguesa
- Comedy drama – Genre of theatre, film, and television
- Comedy film – Genre of film that emphasizes humour
- Comedy horror – Genre that combines elements of horror and comedy
- Comedy of remarriage – Film genre
- Comedy thriller – Film genre
- Science fiction comedy – Comedic subgenre of science fiction
- List of coming-of-age stories
- Coming-of-age story – Genre of stories of growing into adulthood
- Commedia sexy all'italiana – Italian film genre
- Compilation film – Film edited from previously released footage
- Composite film – Film whose screenplay is composed of two or more distinct stories
- Concert film – Audiovisual recording of a concert performance
- Conspiracy fiction – Subgenre of thriller fiction
- Crime film – Film genre
- Cult film – Films with a devoted fanbase
- Dance film – Film in which dance is a central element in the narrative
- Detective fiction – Subgenre of crime and mystery fiction
- Direct cinema – Style of documentary filmmaking
- Disaster film – Film genre
- Docudrama – Genre featuring dramatized historical re-enactments
- Docufiction – Film genre
- Documentary film – Nonfictional motion picture
- Drama (film and television) – Film and television genre
- Economics film
- Educational film – Film genre
- Epic film – Style of filmmaking with large scale, sweeping scope, and spectacle
- Erotic thriller – Film and literary sub-genre
- Erra cinema – Collection of political films in Telugu
- Ethnofiction – Subfield of ethnography
- Ethnographic film – Non-fiction film genre
- Euro War – Subgenre of war films
- European art cinema – Film genre in Europe
- Eurospy film – Genre of spy films
- Experimental film – Cinematic works that are experimental form or content
- Exploitation film – Informal film genre
- Fantasy comedy – Comedic subgenre of fantasy
- Fantasy film – Film genre
- Female buddy film – Film genre
- Film à clef – Cinematographic genre
- Film d'art – French movement of early narrative films
- Film gris – Film genre
- Film noir – Style of crime drama films
- Filmfarsi
- Florida Western – Works set in the 19th century
- Folk horror – Subgenre of horror film
- Gangster film – Film genre
- Gendai-geki – Japanese film, television, and theater genre
- Gentleman thief – Stock character; a sophisticated and well-mannered thief
- German underground horror – Film genre
- Giallo – Film genre
- Girls with guns – Sub-genre of action films and animation
- Gods and demons fiction – Subgenre of Chinese fantasy fiction
- Gokudō – Cheaply produced (often direct to video) Yakuza movies, with themes of sex and violence
- Gong'an fiction – Chinese crime fiction subgenre
- Goona-goona epic – Exploitation film genre
- Gothic film – Film genre
- Gothic romance film – Film genre
- Grindhouse – Low-budget movie theater that shows mainly exploitation films
- Gross out – Shock effect technique in media and art
- Guerrilla filmmaking – Micro-budget film genre
- Gun fu – Style of fictional fighting found in film, television, and videogames
- Hanukkah film – Film genre whose main subject matter is the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah
- Heimatfilm – Film genre
- Heist film – Subgenre of crime films
- Heritage film – Period films with high-quality visual production values
- Highlight film
- Historical drama – Film subgenre
- Historical fiction – Genre of fiction that is set in the past
- Home movie – Film or video recording family activities
- Hood film – Film genre originating in the United States
- Horror film – Film genre
- Horror noir – Film genre
- Hybrid genre – Genre that blends themes and elements from two or more different genres
- Hyperlink cinema – Multilinear filmmaking style
- Independent film – Film done outside of the major film studio system
- Industrial video
- Interstitial art – Art of basic nature
- Jiangshi fiction – Literary and cinematic genre of horror
- Jidaigeki – Japanese film, TV, games, and theatre genre
- Jukebox musical – Musical compiled from existing songs
- Kaiju – Japanese media genre
- Khasi cinema – Khasi-language film industry
- Korean melodrama – Korean film genre
- Kung fu film – Film genre
- Legal drama – Subgenre of dramatic fiction
- Legal thriller – Fiction genre
- List of Western subgenres
- Live-action animated film – Film genre combining live-action and animated elements
- Luchador films – Lucha Libre based films
- Mafia comedy film – Film genre
- Mafia film – Version of gangster film
- Magic realism – Style of literary fiction and art
- Malayalam softcore pornography – Genre of softcore pornographic films produced in Kerala, India
- Martial arts film – Film genre
- Masala film – Film genre
- Maximalist film – Genre of cinema
- Medical drama – Television program or film presented around medical environments
- Melodrama – Dramatic work that exaggerates plot and characters to appeal to the emotions
- Message picture – Film intended to communicate sociopolitical ideas as well as entertain
- Metacinema – Self-reflexive mode of filmmaking
- Mexploitation – Film genre
- Micro movie – Type of short film
- Midnight movie – Late-night-programmed genre picture or offbeat film
- Minimalist film – Cinema related to the philosophy of minimalism
- Mo lei tau – Type of slapstick humour associated with Hong Kong popular culture
- Mockbuster – Film made to exploit another's publicity
- Mockumentary – Comedic film and television genre
- Modernist film – Film genre
- Mondo film – Film genre
- Monster movie – Film genre
- Mountain film – Film genre focusing on mountaineering
- Mumblecore – Film subgenre
- Musical film – Film genre
- Musical short – Short films featuring music
- Musicarello – Italian film sub genre; musical comedy typically featuring a young singing star
- Muslim social – Film genre in Bollywood
- Mystery film – Genre of film
- Mythopoeia – Narrative genre in modern literature and film
- Narco pelicula – Mexican action film sub-genre
- Narrative film – Tells a fictional or fictionalized story, event or narrative
- Nazi exploitation – Subgenre of film
- Neo-noir – Film genre; modern form of film noir
- New queer cinema – Movement in queer-themed independent filmmaking
- No-budget film – Film made with very little or no money
- Non-narrative film – Aesthetic of cinematic film
- Northern (genre) – Multimedia genre set primarily in Northern Canada and Alaska
- Opera film – Recording of an opera on film
- Operetta film – Film genre
- Ostern – Western-inspired film genre
- Outlaw biker film – Film genre
- Ozploitation – Genre of film produced in Australia
- Paracinema – Academic term for a variety of film genres out of the mainstream
- Parallel cinema – 1950s movement in Indian cinema
- Parody film – Film genre
- Pastoral science fiction – Science fiction subgenre
- Pink film – Japanese erotic cinema
- Poetry film – Film genre
- Political thriller – Genre of fiction
- Poliziotteschi – Genre of Italian crime films
- Pornochanchada – Genre of sex comedy films produced in Brazil
- Pornographic film – Films that present sexually explicit subject matter in order to arouse and satisfy the viewer
- Postmodern horror – Subgenre of film
- Postmodernist film – Film genre
- The Prague film school – Eastern European film school, late 20th century
- Prison film – Film genre focused on prisons
- Propaganda film – Movie genre
- Prussian film – Film genre
- Pseudo-documentary – Documentary genre that features fictional events
- Psychedelic film – Film genre
- Psychological drama – Narrative subgenre of drama with psychological fiction
- Psychological horror – Narrative subgenre
- Psychological thriller – Genre combining thriller and psychological fiction
- Pulp noir – Fiction subgenre
- Quinqui (film genre) – Spanish film genre
- Race film – Film genre
- Rape and revenge – Film subgenre
- Real time (media) – Theatrical genre
- Reality film – Genre of documentary film
- Religious horror – Genre
- Remodernist film – Film genre
- Retrospective – Look back at events that took place before
- Road movie – Film genre in which the main characters embark on a road trip
- Romance film – Film genre
- Romantic comedy – Film genre
- Romantic fantasy – Subgenre of fantasy fiction
- Romantic thriller – Genre that involves romance and thriller
- Rumberas film – Film genre
- Samurai cinema – Film genre
- Satanic film – Subgenre of horror film which depicts the Devil and associated wicked themes
- Satire – Literary and art genre with a style of humor based on parody
- Sceneggiata – Form of musical drama typical of Naples
- Science fiction film – Film genre
- Screenlife – Film subgenre where the action takes place entirely on a screen of a computer or a smartphone
- Screwball comedy – Genre of comedy film
- Semidocumentary – Form of storytelling
- Sex report film – Film genre
- Sexploitation film – Genre of independently produced, low-budget feature films
- Sharksploitation – Subgenre of exploitation film
- Shinpa – Japanese form of theater
- Shoshimin-eiga – Japanese film genre
- Silent film – Motion pictures without synchronized recorded sound
- Skate video – Film genre
- Slapstick – Style of comedy
- Slapstick film – Film genre
- Slasher film – Film subgenre that involves a killer murdering people using blades
- Slow cinema – Genre of art cinema
- Snuff film – Film showing real murders
- Social film
- Social guidance film – Educational film genre
- Social problem film – Narrative movie about a social issue
- Social thriller – Genre combining thriller fiction with social commentary
- South Seas genre – Literary and film genre
- Soviet parallel cinema – Underground film movement in the Soviet Union
- Space Western – Subgenre
- Spaghetti Western – Italian film genre
- Splatter film – Horror genre
- Sponsored film – Film genre
- Sports film – Film genre
- Spy film – Film genre
- Stag film – Silent pornographic film genre
- Stoner film – Subgenre of comedy films
- Submarine films – Subgenre of war film
- Superhero film – Film genre revolving around fictional superheroes
- Supernatural film – Film genre
- Surf film – Film genre
- Surrealist cinema – Film genre
- Survival film – Film genre
- Swashbuckler film – Subgenre of the adventure film genre
- Sword-and-sandal – Genre of largely Italian-made historical or biblical epics
- Tech noir – Hybrid genre of fiction, combining film noir and science fiction
- Teen film – Film genre
- Telefoni Bianchi – Italian film genre
- Tendency film – Socially conscious and left-leaning Japanese film genre
- Three girls movie – Film genre typically about the romantic and other activities of three urban girls
- Thriller film – Film genre evoking excitement and suspense
- Training film
- Transgressive art – Art that intends to outrage or violate basic morals and sensibilities
- Travel documentary – Documentary film, television program or online series that describes travel
- Trial film – Genre
- Trick film – Short silent films designed to feature innovative special effects
- Trümmerfilm – Film genre
- Ukrainian poetic cinema – Genre of Ukrainian cinema
- Underground film – Genre of film outside the mainstream
- Utopian and dystopian fiction – Genres of literature that explore social and political structures
- Vampire film – Film genre
- Vansploitation – Term and film genre used to describe American independent films from the 1970s
- Vigilante film – Film genre based on revenge theme
- Visual album – Type of concept album
- Vomit gore – Surreal horror film series by Lucifer Valentine
- War film – Film genre depicting wars
- Werewolf fiction – Fantasy genre
- Western (genre) – Multimedia genre
- Western film – Film genre
- Wiener Film – Austrian film genre
- Wire fu – Mix of Chinese martial arts and cinematic visual effects
- Woman's film – Film genre
- Women in prison film – Film genre
- Wuxia – Genre of Chinese fiction
- Yakuza film – Film genre
- Z movie – Badly-made low budget movie
- Zombie comedy – Film and television genre
- Zombie film – Subgenre of horror film featuring zombies
- Zombie pornography – Pornography involving zombies
Cinema by region
[edit]
History of film
[edit]- Block booking
- Camera obscura
- Thomas Edison
- Intertitle – prior to the days of sound film, intertitles (cards with text inserted into the scene) represented dialogue or descriptive/narrative material
- Magic lantern
- Motion Picture Patents Company
- Phantasmagoria
- Silent film
- Zoetrope – one of several pre-film animation devices which produced the illusion of movement, most popular in the mid- to late 1800s
General film concepts
[edit]- Academy Awards – an American awards show hosted by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences which recognizes excellence in cinematic achievement, as voted for by the academy itself. The statuettes handed out to winners are nicknamed "Oscars".
- Actor
- American Film Institute
- B movie
- Film directing
- Film editing
- Film studio
- Movie projector
- Cinematography
- Set construction
- Sound stage
Film formats
[edit]Films
[edit]- List of films by title: #, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J-K, L, M, N-O, P, Q-R, S, T, U-V-W, & X-Y-Z
- List of years in film
Films by genre
[edit]- Lists of action films
- Lists of adventure films
- Lists of animated films
- List of biographical films
- List of cinematic genres
- List of comedy films
- List of comedy-drama films
- List of crime films
- List of drama films
- List of disaster films
- List of fantasy films
- List of films featuring extraterrestrials
- List of films noir
- List of gangster movies
- List of historical drama films
- List of horror films
- List of lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender-related films
- List of mystery films
- List of punk movies
- Lists of science fiction films
- List of sports films
- List of thriller films
- List of war films
- List of Western films
Films by origin
[edit]Films by setting location
[edit]Films by cost
[edit]Films by success
[edit]- List of films considered the best
- List of highest-grossing films
- List of films considered the worst
- List of Academy Award-winning films
- Lists of box office number-one films
Films by movement
[edit]- Absolute film (1920s)
- Budapest school (1972 - 1984)
- Cinéma du look (1980s)
- Cinema Novo (1960 - early 1970s)
- Czechoslovak New Wave (1960s)
- Dogme 95 (1995 - 2005)
- Free Cinema (1956 - 1959)
- French New Wave (1958 - late 1960s)
- German Expressionism (1913 -1920s)
- Grupo Cine Liberación (1969 - 1971)
- Hong Kong New Wave (1979 - early 1990s)
- Italian neorealism (1944 - 1952)
- Japanese New Wave (1956 - 1976)
- Kammerspielfilm (1920s)
- L.A. Rebellion (1967 - 1989)
- Mumblecore (2002 - )
- New French Extremity (1999 - 2003)
- New Hollywood (Summer 1967 through Spring 1983)
- New Nigerian Cinema (2006 - )
- New Queer Cinema (1990s)
- No Wave (1976 - 1985)
- Parallel Cinema (1952 - 1976)
- Poetic Realism (1930s - 1940s)
- Polish Film School (1955 - 1963)
- Pure Film Movement (1910s - 1920s)
- Remodernist film (2004 - )
- Surrealist Cinema (1920s)
- Third Cinema (1969 - 1978)
- Yugoslav Black Wave (1963 - 1972)
Film companies
[edit]Film studios
[edit]Majors (Big Five)
[edit]- Walt Disney Studios – American film studio owned by The Walt Disney Company, founded in 1923
- Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group (a subsidiary of Sony Pictures) – American film studio owned by Sony, founded in 1924
- Paramount Pictures (a subsidiary of Paramount Global) – American film studio owned by Paramount Global, founded in 1912
- Universal Studios (a subsidiary of NBCUniversal) – American film studio owned by Comcast, founded in 1912
- Warner Bros. (a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery) – American film studio owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, founded in 1923
Others
[edit]- Starz Entertainment – Canadian-American entertainment company (formerly known as Lionsgate}
- Lantern Entertainment – American independent film studio
- MGM – American film and television and distribution company
- Netflix, Inc. – American media company
- Amazon MGM Studios – American film and television and distribution company
- Apple Studios – Film and television production company
- AMC Networks – American entertainment company
- Fox Corporation – American mass media company, successor to 21st Century Fox
Awards and festivals
[edit]- List of film awards
- List of film festivals
- List of Academy Awards ceremonies
- AFI 100 Years... series
- List of Golden Globe Awards ceremonies
Professions related to films (Film crew)
[edit]Above the line
[edit]Above the line – Term in filmmaking
- Actor – Person who portrays a character in a production
- Voice actor – Performing voice-overs to a character or provide information
- Leading actor – Actor playing a main role
- Supporting actor – Actor who performs a less-important role than that of the leading actor
- Ensemble cast – Cast with many actors given similar standing
- Character actor – Actor who predominantly plays distinctive or eccentric characters
- Bit actor – Acting role in which there is direct interaction with the main actors but little dialogue
- Cameo actor – Brief appearance in performing art
- Film director – Person who controls the artistic and dramatic aspects of a film production
- Screenwriter – Person who writes for films, TV shows, comics, and games
- Film producer – Person supervising the making of a film
- Executive producer – Profession
- Line producer – Film/TV producer that handles logistics
Below the line
[edit]Below the line – Section of film budget
Pre-production
[edit]Pre-production – Phase of producing a film or television show
- Unit production manager – Responsible for the administration of a feature film or television production
- Production coordinator
- Production accountant – Opaque or creative accounting methods
- Assistant director – Film management and logistics role
- Script supervisor – Member of a film crew that oversees the continuity of scenes during filmmaking
- Script coordinator
- Casting director – Pre-production process for selecting actors, dancers, singers, or extras for roles or parts
- Production assistant – Person responsible for various aspects of a film or TV production
- Location manager
- Location scout – Filmmaking and commercial photography production process
- Storyboard artist – Person who creates storyboards for advertising agencies and film productions
Production design
[edit]- Production designer – Person responsible for the overall look of a filmed event
- Art director – Supervisor of an artistic production
- Costume designer – Person who designs costumes for a film, stage production or television show
- Greensman
- Hairdresser – Person whose occupation is to cut or style hair
- Make-up artist – Artist who applies makeup and prosthetics
- Set decorator – Person in charge of the set dressing on a film
- Set dresser – Worker who prepares a set with props and furniture
- Property master – Person overseeing props for a production
- Weapons master – Person responsible for weapon care and safety on a film set
- Matte painter – Film making technique
- Illustrator – Artist enhancing writing with images
- Scenic design – Creation of theatrical or film scenery
Photography
[edit]Principal photography – Phase of producing a film or television show in which the bulk of shooting takes place
- Cinematographer / director of photography – Creative head of a motion picture's camera and lighting decisions
- Camera operator – Professional operator of a film or video camera
- Focus puller – Occupation in filmmaking
- Clapper loader – Member of a motion picture filming crew
- Steadicam – Motion picture camera stabilizer mounts
- Digital imaging technician – Job in the motion picture industry
- Second unit – Filmmaking team
- Gaffer – Chief lighting technician in film and TV
- Best boy electric – Film crew position overseeing lighting or grips
- Lighting technician – Occupation
- Key grip – Person in charge of grip crews and equipment management
- Best boy grip – Film crew position overseeing lighting or grips
- Dolly grip – Cinematography technician who operates the camera dolly
- Grip – Camera supporting equipment technician
Sound design
[edit]Sound design – Sound track creation
- Director of audiography – Sound director, Head of a sound department
- Production sound mixer – Member of a film crew or television crew
- Boom operator – Profession for microphone pole placement
- Utility sound technician – Filmmaking occupation
- Dialogue editor
- Re-recording mixer – Post-production audio engineer
- Foley artist – Addition of sound effects to visual media
- Composer – Person who writes music
- Music supervisor – Person who combines music and visual media
- Music editor – Sound editor
- Orchestrator – Study or practice of writing music for an orchestra
Special effect
[edit]Special effect – Illusions or tricks to change appearances
- Special effects supervisor
- Visual effects supervisor – Filmmaker responsible for visual effects
Animation
[edit]Animation – A team within a film studio that works on various aspects of Animation
- Animator – Person who makes animation sequences out of still images
- Visual effects – Various processes by which imagery is created
- Modeling – Theoretical framework
- Rigging – Computer animation technique
- Layout artist
Talent
[edit]- Acting coach – Teacher who trains performers
- Body double – Person who substitutes for another actor in a film scene such that their face is not shown
- Dialect coach – Person who trains actors to speak with authentic accents
- Movement director – Film crew member
- Choreographer – Art or practice of designing sequences of movements of physical bodies
- Extra – Nonspeaking or nonsinging acting role
- Talent agent – Person who represents the interests of entertainment, broadcast, and sports professionals
- Stand-in – Substitute for an actor for production purposes
- Acting instructor – Teacher who trains performers
- Intimacy coordinator – Worker in film and television productions
- Stage combat – Technique used in theatre to create the illusion of physical combat
- Stunt double – Person who substitutes for another actor in a film scene such that their face is not shown
- Stunt performer – Person who performs stunts
- Under-five – TV or film actor whose character has fewer than five lines of dialogue
Post-production
[edit]Post-production – Step in film, video, audio or photography process
- Film editor – Creative and technical part of the post-production process of filmmaking
- Sound editor – Creative professional that selects and assembles sound recordings before final audio mixing
- Colorist – Enhancing the color of an image or video
- Animator – Person who makes animation sequences out of still images
- Technical director – Occupation
- VFX creative director – Visual effects person
- Visual effects editor – Various processes by which imagery is created
- Compositor – Combining of visual elements from separate sources into single images
Other
[edit]- Swing gang – People who make last-minute changes on a film set
- Unit still photographer
Notable people from the film industry
[edit]Film theorists and critics
[edit]- Rudolf Arnheim – German author and theorist (1904 – 2007)
- Béla Balázs – Hungarian film critic, aesthetician, writer and poet
- Roland Barthes – French philosopher and essayist (1915–1980)
- André Bazin – French film critic (1918–1958)
- David Bordwell – American film scholar (1947–2024)
- Vincent Canby – American film and theatre critic (1924–2000)
- Gilles Deleuze – French philosopher (1925–1995)
- Louis Delluc – French film director (1890–1924)
- Germaine Dulac – French film director and producer
- Roger Ebert – American film critic and author (1942–2013)
- Sergei Eisenstein – Soviet filmmaker and theorist (1898–1948)
- Jean Epstein – French film director, essayist and novelist
- Jean-Luc Godard – French and Swiss film director (1930–2022)
- Pauline Kael – American film critic (1919–2001)
- Stanley Kauffmann – American author, editor, and critic (1916–2013)
- Siegfried Kracauer – German writer (1889–1966)
- Lev Kuleshov – Soviet filmmaker and film theorist
- Christian Metz – French film theorist (1931–1993)
- Laura Mulvey – British feminist film theorist (born 1941)
- Vladimir Propp – Russian folklorist, philologist and linguist
- Vsevolod Pudovkin – Soviet-Russian film director, screenwriter and actor
- Vivian Sobchack – American film critic (born 1940)
- Dziga Vertov – Soviet-Jewish filmmaker (1896–1954)
Famous film producers
[edit]- George Lucas – American film-maker and philanthropist (born 1944)
- David O. Selznick – American film producer (1902–1965)
- Jerry Bruckheimer – American film and television producer (born 1943)
Notable directors
[edit]- Chantal Akerman – Belgian film director, screenwriter, and educator (1950–2015)
- Woody Allen – American filmmaker, actor and comedian (born 1935)
- Pedro Almodovar – Spanish filmmaker (born 1949)
- Robert Altman – American filmmaker (1925–2006)
- Theo Angelopoulos – Greek film director, screenwriter and film producer (1935–2012)
- Michelangelo Antonioni – Italian filmmaker (1912–2007)
- Richard Attenborough – British actor and director (1923–2014)
- Ingmar Bergman – Swedish filmmaker (1918–2007)
- Bernardo Bertolucci – Italian film director and screenwriter (1941–2018)
- Kathryn Bigelow – American film director (born 1951)
- Bong Joon-Ho – South Korean filmmaker (born 1969)
- Robert Bresson – French film director (1901–1999)
- Clarence Brown – American film director (1890–1987)
- Tod Browning – American film director (1880–1962)
- Luis Bu?uel – Spanish-Mexican filmmaker (1900–1983)
- James Cameron – Canadian filmmaker (born 1954)
- Frank Capra – Italian-born American film director (1897–1991)
- Marcel Carné – French film director (1906–1996)
- John Carpenter – American filmmaker (born 1948)
- John Cassavetes – American filmmaker and actor (1929–1989)
- Nuri Bilge Ceylan – Turkish film director, screenwriter, film producer and photographer (born 1959)
- Claude Chabrol – French film director (1930–2010)
- Youssef Chahine – Egyptian film director (1926–2008)
- Park Chan-wook – South Korean filmmaker (born 1963)
- Charles Chaplin – English comic actor and filmmaker (1889–1977)
- Chen Kaige – Chinese filmmaker
- Yash Chopra – Indian film director and film producer (1932–2012)
- René Clair – French filmmaker and writer (1898–1981)
- Henri-Georges Clouzot – French film director, screenwriter and producer
- Jean Cocteau – French writer and film director (1889–1963)
- Joel and Ethan Coen – American filmmakers
- Francis Ford Coppola – American filmmaker (born 1939)
- Pedro Costa – Portuguese film director
- Alfonso Cuarón – Mexican filmmaker
- George Cukor – American film director and producer (1899–1983)
- Michael Curtiz – Hungarian-American director (1886–1962)
- Cecil B. DeMille – American film director, producer and actor (1881–1959)
- Vittorio De Sica – Italian film director and actor (1901–1974)
- Carl Dreyer – Danish film director (1889–1968)
- Guru Dutt – Indian filmmaker and actor (1925–1964)
- Clint Eastwood – American actor and director (born 1930)
- Sergei Einstein – Soviet filmmaker and theorist (1898–1948)
- Victor Erice – Spanish film director (born 1940)
- Asghar Farhadi – Iranian film director and screenwriter (born 1972)
- Rainer Werner Fassbinder – German filmmaker (1945–1982)
- Federico Fellini – Italian filmmaker (1920–1993)
- Robert J. Flaherty – American documentary filmmaker
- David Fincher – American film director (born 1962)
- Victor Fleming – American film director, cinematographer, and producer (1889–1949)
- John Ford – American film director (1894–1973)
- Milos Forman – Czech-American filmmaker (1932–2018)
- Bob Fosse – American choreographer, dancer, and director (1927– 1987)
- Jesús Franco – Spanish filmmaker, composer, and actor (1930–2013)
- Abel Gance – French film director and producer
- Ritwik Ghatak – Indian Bengali filmmaker and script writer
- Jean-Luc Godard – French and Swiss film director (1930–2022)
- Miguel Gomes – Portuguese film director (born 1972)
- Adoor Gopalakrishnan – Indian film director (born 1941)
- D. W. Griffith – American filmmaker (1875–1948)
- Howard Hawks – American film director (1896–1977)
- Werner Herzog – German director, producer, screenwriter (born 1942)
- Alfred Hitchcock – English film director (1899–1980)
- John Huston – American filmmaker (1906–1987)
- Im Kwon-taek – South Korean film director (born 1934)
- Shōhei Imamura – Japanese film director (1926–2006)
- Peter Jackson – New Zealand filmmaker (born 1961)
- Miklós Jancsó – Hungarian film director and screenwriter (1921–2014)
- Jia Zhangke – Chinese film director and screenwriter (born 1970)
- Alejandro Jodorowsky – Chilean and French filmmaker (born 1929)
- Elia Kazan – American film and theatre director (1909–2003)
- Abbas Kiarostami – Iranian filmmaker (1941–2016)
- Kim Ki-duk – South Korean film director (1960–2020)
- Krzysztof Kie?lowski – Polish film director and screenwriter (1941–1996)
- Stanley Kramer – American film director and producer (1913–2001)
- Stanley Kubrick – American filmmaker and photographer (1928–1999)
- Akira Kurosawa – Japanese film director (1910–1998)
- Fritz Lang – Austrian filmmaker (1890–1976)
- Ang Lee – Taiwanese filmmaker (born 1954)
- David Lean – British film director (1908–1991)
- Spike Lee – American filmmaker (born 1957)
- Sergio Leone – Italian filmmaker (1929–1989)
- Ken Loach – English filmmaker (born 1936)
- Ernst Lubitsch – German and American film director (1892–1947)
- Sidney Lumet – American filmmaker (1924–2011)
- David Lynch – American filmmaker (1946–2025)
- Louis Malle – French film director, screenwriter, and producer (1932–1995)
- Mohsen Makhmalbaf – Iranian film director, writer, editor, and producer
- Joseph L. Mankiewicz – American filmmaker (1909–1993)
- Leo McCarey – American film director (1898–1969)
- Deepa Mehta – Indian-born Canadian film director and screenwriter (born 1950)
- Jean-Pierre Melville – French filmmaker and actor (1917–1973)
- Brillante Mendoza – Filipino independent filmmaker
- Vincente Minnelli – American stage and film director (1903–1986)
- Kenji Mizoguchi – Japanese filmmaker (1898–1956)
- Joao Cesar Monteiro – Portuguese film director, actor, writer, and film critic
- F. W. Murnau – German film director (1888–1931)
- Mira Nair – Indian-American filmmaker (born 1957)
- Mike Nichols – American film and theatre director (1931–2014)
- Christopher Nolan – British and American filmmaker (born 1970)
- Manoel de Oliveira – Portuguese film director, screenwriter and racing driver (1908–2015)
- Max Ophüls – German film director (1902–1957)
- Nagisa Oshima – Japanese filmmaker (1932–2013)
- Yasujiro Ozu – Japanese filmmaker (1903–1963)
- Georg Wilhelm Pabst – Austrian film director (1885–1967)
- Sergei Parajanov – Soviet filmmaker (1924–1990)
- Alan Parker – British filmmaker (1944–2020)
- Pier Paolo Pasolini – Italian writer, filmmaker, poet, and intellectual (1922–1975)
- Sam Peckinpah – American film director (1925–1984)
- Dadasaheb Phalke – Indian film producer, director and screenwriter (1870–1944)
- Roman Polanski – Polish and French filmmaker (born 1933)
- Michael Powell/Emeric Pressburger – English film director (1905–1990)
- Otto Preminger – Austrian-American director, producer, and actor (1905–1986)
- Vsevolod Pudovkin – Soviet-Russian film director, screenwriter and actor
- Nicholas Ray – American film director (1911–1979)
- Satyajit Ray – Indian filmmaker and writer (1921–1992)
- Jean Renoir – French film director and screenwriter (1894–1979)
- Alain Resnais – French film director
- Leni Riefenstahl – German filmmaker (1902–2003)
- Jacques Rivette – French film director, screenwriter and film critic
- Eric Rohmer – French film director (1920–2010)
- Roberto Rossellini – Italian film director (1906–1977)
- Ken Russell – British film director (1927–2011)
- Shadi Abdel Salam
- Martin Scorsese – American filmmaker (born 1942)
- Ridley Scott – English filmmaker (born 1937)
- Tony Scott – British film director and producer (1944–2012)
- Ousmane Sembene – Senegalese film director, producer, screenwriter, actor and author (1923–2007)
- Mrinal Sen – Indian film director (1923–2018)
- Eduardo Serra – Portuguese cinematographer
- Douglas Sirk – German film director (1897–1987)
- Steven Spielberg – American filmmaker (born 1946)
- Konstantin Stanislavski – Russian actor and theatre director (1863–1938)
- Josef von Sternberg – Austrian-American film director (1894–1969)
- Oliver Stone – American filmmaker (born 1946)
- Eric von Stroheim – Austrian-American actor and director (1885–1957)
- Quentin Tarantino – American filmmaker (born 1963)
- Andrei Tarkovsky – Soviet filmmaker (1932–1986)
- Jacques Tati – French mime, filmmaker, actor, and screenwriter (1907–1982)
- Guillermo del Toro – Mexican filmmaker (born 1964)
- Tran Anh Hung – Vietnamese-French filmmaker
- Lars von Trier – Danish filmmaker (born 1956)
- Fran?ois Truffaut – French film director (1932–1984)
- Roger Vadim – French filmmaker (1928–2000)
- Agnès Varda – French filmmaker and photographer (1928–2019)
- Paul Verhoeven – Dutch filmmaker (born 1938)
- Dziga Vertov – Soviet-Jewish filmmaker (1896–1954)
- King Vidor – American writer and director (1894–1982)
- Jean Vigo – French film director (1905–1934)
- Luchino Visconti – Italian theatre, opera and cinema director
- Andrzej Wajda – Polish film director (1926–2016)
- Apichatpong Weerasethakul – Thai film director (born 1970)
- Orson Welles – American filmmaker (1915–1985)
- William Wellman – American director, actor (1896–1975)
- Wim Wenders – German filmmaker (born 1945)
- James Whale – English film director (1889-1957)
- Billy Wilder – American filmmaker (1906–2002)
- Robert Wise – American film director, film producer and film editor
- Wong Kar-wai – Hong Kong film director (born 1958)
- Sam Wood – Director, producer, and actor
- William Wyler – German-born American filmmaker (1902–1981)
- Ozu Yasujiro – Japanese filmmaker (1903–1963)
- Zhang Yimou – Chinese filmmaker (born 1950)
- Robert Zemeckis – American filmmaker (born 1952)
- Fred Zinnemann – American film director (1907–1997)
Famous actors
[edit]- Woody Allen – American filmmaker, actor and comedian (born 1935)
- Fred Astaire – American dancer, actor and singer (1899–1987)
- Lauren Bacall – American actress (1924–2014)
- Amitabh Bachchan – Indian actor (born 1942)
- Ingrid Bergman – Swedish actress (1915–1982)
- Humphrey Bogart – American actor (1899–1957)
- Marlon Brando – American actor (1924–2004)
- Richard Burton – Welsh actor (1925–1984)
- James Cagney – American actor and dancer (1899–1986)
- Lon Chaney, Sr. – American actor (1883–1930)
- Charles Chaplin – English comic actor and filmmaker (1889–1977)
- Gary Cooper – American actor (1901–1961)
- Julie Christie – British actress (born 1940)
- Joan Crawford – American actress (190?–1977)
- Russell Crowe – New Zealand-born actor (born 1964)
- Tom Cruise – American actor and film producer (born 1962)
- Bette Davis – American actress (1908–1989)
- Daniel Day-Lewis – English actor (born 1957)
- James Dean – American actor (1931–1955)
- Olivia de Havilland – British and American actress (1916–2020)
- Leonardo DiCaprio – American actor (born 1974)
- Kirk Douglas – American actor (1916–2020)
- Clint Eastwood – American actor and director (born 1930)
- Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. – American actor and filmmaker (1883–1939)
- W.C. Fields – American comedian, actor, juggler and writer (1880–1946)
- Joan Fontaine – English-American actress (1917–2013)
- Clark Gable – American actor (1901–1960)
- Greta Garbo – Swedish-American actress (1905–1990)
- Judy Garland – American actress and singer (1922–1969)
- Dorothy Gish – American actress (1898–1968)
- Lillian Gish – American actress (1893–1993)
- Cary Grant – English and American actor (1904–1986)
- Alec Guinness – English actor (1914–2000)
- Gene Hackman – American actor (1930–2025)
- Tom Hanks – American actor and filmmaker (born 1956)
- Audrey Hepburn – British actress (1929–1993)
- Katharine Hepburn – American actress (1907–2003)
- Charlton Heston – American actor (1923–2008)
- William Holden – American actor (1918–1981)
- Anthony Hopkins – Welsh actor (born 1937)
- Boris Karloff – British actor (1887–1969)
- Buster Keaton – American actor and filmmaker (1895–1966)
- Angela Lansbury – Irish-British and American actress (1925–2022)
- Laurel and Hardy – British-American comedy duo
- Christopher Lee – English actor and singer (1922–2015)
- Vivien Leigh – British actress (1913–1967)
- Jack Lemmon – American actor (1925–2001)
- Peter Lorre – Hungarian and American actor (1904–1964)
- Myrna Loy – American actress (1905–1993)
- Fredric March – American actor (1897–1975)
- Walter Matthau – American actor (1920–2000)
- Steve McQueen – American actor (1930–1980)
- Marilyn Monroe – American actress and model (1926–1962)
- Michael Murphy – American film and television actor
- Paul Newman – American actor and film director (1925–2008)
- Jack Nicholson – American actor and filmmaker (born 1937)
- Laurence Olivier – English actor and director (1907–1989)
- Peter O'Toole – British actor (1932–2013)
- Al Pacino – American actor (born 1940)
- Geraldine Page – American actress (1924–1987)
- Anthony Perkins – American actor (1932–1992)
- Sidney Poitier – Bahamian-American actor, filmmaker, diplomat (1927–2022)
- Oliver Reed – British actor (1938–1999)
- Burt Reynolds – American actor (1936–2018)
- Edward G. Robinson – American actor (1893–1973)
- Ginger Rogers – American actress, dancer and singer (1911–1995)
- James Stewart – American actor (1908–1997)
- Meryl Streep – American actress (born 1949)
- Elizabeth Taylor – English and American actress (1932–2011)
- The Three Stooges – American slapstick comedy trio (1922–1970)
- Spencer Tracy – American actor (1900–1967)
- Denzel Washington – American actor (born 1954)
- John Wayne – American actor (1907–1979)
- Orson Welles – American filmmaker (1915–1985)
- Shelley Winters – American actress (1920–2006)
- Joanne Woodward – American actress (born 1930)
See also
[edit]
- Film industry
- Filmmaking
- Independent film
- List of film festivals
- List of motion picture production equipment
References
[edit]- ^ Accomando, Beth (10 April 2017). "What's The Issue With Nitrate Film Stock? It's Combustible". NPR. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
External links
[edit]
Film at Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Resources from Wikiversity
- Allmovie - information on films: actors, directors, biographies, reviews, cast and production credits, box office sales, and other movie data
- Film Site - reviews of classic films
- Rottentomatoes.com - movie reviews, previews, forums, photos, cast info
- The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) - information on current and historical films and cast listings