六招有效教你“避开”房产税 切记先买房子再结婚

百度 其次，这套文学史著作以知识分子与人民的关系为论述主线。

Probing for "bends" using a jeweler's screwdriver and alligator clips

Circuit bending is the creative customization of the circuits within electronic devices such as children's toys and digital synthesizers to create new musical or visual instruments and sound generators. Circuit bending is manipulating a circuit to get an output that was not intended by the manufacturer.

Emphasizing spontaneity and randomness, the techniques of circuit bending have been commonly associated with noise music, though many more conventional contemporary musicians and musical groups have been known to experiment with "bent" instruments. Circuit bending usually involves dismantling the machine and adding components such as switches and potentiometers that alter the circuit.

Experimental process

A circuit-bent Walkman

A 1989 Kawasaki toy guitar used in a circuit bending project

The process of circuit bending involves experimenting with inexpensive second-hand electronics that produce sounds, such as toys, keyboards, drum machines, and electronic learning products.

A Yamaha PSR-6 used in a circuit bending project

Innovators

While Ghazala says that he was not the first circuit bender, he coined the term Circuit Bending in 1992.

Serge Tcherepnin, designer of the Serge modular synthesizers, discussed his early experiments in the 1950s, with the transistor radio, in which he found sensitive circuit points in those simple electronic devices and brought them out to "body contacts" on the plastic chassis. Prior to Mark's and Reed's experiments other pioneers also explored the body-contact idea, one of the earliest being Thaddeus Cahill (1897) whose telharmonium, it is reported, was also touch-sensitive.

Since 1984, Swiss duo Voice Crack created music by manipulating common electronic devices in a practice they termed "cracked everyday electronics".

See also

Kraakdoos

• Atari Punk Console
• Chiptunes
• Data bending
• Electronic art music
• Glitch (music)
• Glitching
• Kraakdoos (CrackleBox)
• MIDIbox
• MOS Technology SID
• Music Tech Fest
• NIME
• No-Fi
• Noise music
• List of music software

Further reading

• Fernandez, Alexandre Marino; Iazzetta, Fernando. "Circuit-Bending and DIY Culture". Retrieved 2025-08-05.
• Steffan, Philip (2014). "Floppy-Symphonie" (PDF). Bastelprojekt. c't Hacks (in German). Vol. 2014, no. 1. Heise Zeitschriften Verlag. p. 149. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.

External links

• oddmusic.com's circuit bending section – Gallery of some of Reed Ghazala's work, facts, history, tutorial, benders guide, tools of the trade and more
• GetLoFi a circuit bending blog with a lot of circuit bending tips and resources
• Interview on Circuit Bending with Igor Amokian Part I